Should you encounter any unexpected behaviour,
please let us know.

* Q20HUZ_NMA *

CA strain for 220512003338119574

--- normal mode 7 ---

This graph displays the distance variation between successive pairs of CA atoms in the two extreme conformations that were computed for this mode (DQMIN/DQMAX). Large distance variations can be an indicator for residue pairs that support the important strain in that particular normal mode movement. Note that residue pairs between chain breaks or at flexible ends of the protein may also exhibit large CA-CA distance variations. If more than one residues ae grouped together into a rigid block (NRBL>1), CA-CA distance variations between CA atoms in the same block will be very low.

This feature is still experimental and will be further developped in the future.

CA i CA i+1 vari
MET 1 ASP 2 -0.0002

ASP 2 ASP 3 -0.0002

ASP 3 ASP 4 -0.0020

ASP 4 PHE 5 -0.0001

PHE 5 ILE 6 0.0002

ILE 6 GLN 7 -0.0023

GLN 7 SER 8 -0.0001

SER 8 LEU 9 -0.0003

LEU 9 SER 10 0.0095

SER 10 THR 11 0.0001

THR 11 PRO 12 -0.0004

PRO 12 TYR 13 0.0056

TYR 13 GLY 14 0.0001

GLY 14 GLU 15 0.0004

GLU 15 PRO 16 -0.0028

PRO 16 SER 17 -0.0001

SER 17 TYR 18 -0.0001

TYR 18 ARG 19 -0.0246

ARG 19 GLU 20 -0.0000

GLU 20 SER 21 0.0004

SER 21 ALA 22 -0.0189

ALA 22 GLU 23 0.0001

GLU 23 ARG 24 -0.0004

ARG 24 LEU 25 -0.0003

LEU 25 LYS 26 -0.0001

LYS 26 GLY 27 0.0000

GLY 27 GLU 28 0.0201

GLU 28 ILE 29 0.0001

ILE 29 LYS 30 -0.0004

LYS 30 LYS 31 0.0237

LYS 31 MET 32 0.0001

MET 32 PHE 33 -0.0002

PHE 33 ARG 34 0.0025

ARG 34 SER 35 -0.0001

SER 35 MET 36 0.0006

MET 36 SER 37 0.0005

SER 37 LYS 38 0.0001

LYS 38 GLU 39 -0.0000

GLU 39 ASP 40 0.0073

ASP 40 GLU 41 0.0005

GLU 41 GLU 42 0.0001

GLU 42 LEU 43 -0.0136

LEU 43 ILE 44 -0.0001

ILE 44 THR 45 0.0004

THR 45 PRO 46 -0.0008

PRO 46 LEU 47 0.0001

LEU 47 ASN 48 -0.0002

ASN 48 ASP 49 0.0156

ASP 49 LEU 50 0.0002

LEU 50 ILE 51 0.0003

ILE 51 GLN 52 0.0002

GLN 52 ARG 53 -0.0002

ARG 53 LEU 54 0.0003

LEU 54 TRP 55 -0.0025

TRP 55 MET 56 -0.0005

MET 56 VAL 57 -0.0003

VAL 57 ASP 58 -0.0179

ASP 58 SER 59 0.0002

SER 59 VAL 60 0.0000

VAL 60 GLU 61 -0.0068

GLU 61 ARG 62 0.0001

ARG 62 LEU 63 -0.0001

LEU 63 GLY 64 0.0468

GLY 64 ILE 65 0.0001

ILE 65 ASP 66 -0.0000

ASP 66 ARG 67 0.0296

ARG 67 HIS 68 -0.0000

HIS 68 PHE 69 0.0000

PHE 69 LYS 70 -0.0041

LYS 70 ASN 71 -0.0001

ASN 71 GLU 72 0.0000

GLU 72 ILE 73 -0.0258

ILE 73 LYS 74 0.0004

LYS 74 SER 75 0.0001

SER 75 ALA 76 0.0031

ALA 76 LEU 77 -0.0003

LEU 77 ASP 78 0.0001

ASP 78 TYR 79 0.0101

TYR 79 VAL 80 -0.0000

VAL 80 TYR 81 -0.0002

TYR 81 SER 82 0.0225

SER 82 TYR 83 -0.0004

TYR 83 TRP 84 -0.0000

TRP 84 ASN 85 -0.0135

ASN 85 GLU 86 0.0003

GLU 86 LYS 87 0.0001

LYS 87 GLY 88 -0.0029

GLY 88 ILE 89 0.0003

ILE 89 GLY 90 -0.0002

GLY 90 CYS 91 0.0049

CYS 91 GLY 92 -0.0002

GLY 92 ARG 93 0.0001

ARG 93 ASP 94 0.0135

ASP 94 SER 95 0.0000

SER 95 VAL 96 -0.0003

VAL 96 VAL 97 -0.0186

VAL 97 ALA 98 -0.0001

ALA 98 ASP 99 0.0000

ASP 99 LEU 100 -0.0350

LEU 100 ASN 101 -0.0003

ASN 101 SER 102 -0.0001

SER 102 THR 103 -0.0009

THR 103 ALA 104 0.0003

ALA 104 LEU 105 -0.0001

LEU 105 GLY 106 0.0206

GLY 106 PHE 107 -0.0001

PHE 107 ARG 108 0.0002

ARG 108 THR 109 -0.0096

THR 109 LEU 110 0.0003

LEU 110 ARG 111 0.0002

ARG 111 LEU 112 0.0239

LEU 112 HIS 113 0.0001

HIS 113 GLY 114 -0.0002

GLY 114 TYR 115 0.0781

TYR 115 ASN 116 0.0003

ASN 116 VAL 117 0.0000

VAL 117 SER 118 -0.0109

SER 118 SER 119 0.0002

SER 119 GLU 120 0.0003

GLU 120 VAL 121 -0.0048

VAL 121 LEU 122 0.0002

LEU 122 LYS 123 -0.0000

LYS 123 VAL 124 -0.0160

VAL 124 PHE 125 -0.0001

PHE 125 GLU 126 -0.0001

GLU 126 ASP 127 -0.0008

ASP 127 GLN 128 -0.0000

GLN 128 ASN 129 0.0001

ASN 129 GLY 130 -0.0468

GLY 130 GLN 131 -0.0002

GLN 131 PHE 132 -0.0002

PHE 132 ALA 133 -0.0157

ALA 133 CYS 134 -0.0004

CYS 134 SER 135 -0.0001

SER 135 PRO 136 0.0131

PRO 136 SER 137 0.0003

SER 137 LYS 138 -0.0004

LYS 138 THR 139 0.0081

THR 139 GLU 140 0.0002

GLU 140 GLY 141 0.0002

GLY 141 GLU 142 -0.0032

GLU 142 ILE 143 0.0001

ILE 143 ARG 144 -0.0002

ARG 144 SER 145 0.0159

SER 145 ALA 146 0.0004

ALA 146 LEU 147 -0.0005

LEU 147 ASN 148 -0.0026

ASN 148 LEU 149 -0.0001

LEU 149 TYR 150 -0.0004

TYR 150 ARG 151 0.0043

ARG 151 ALA 152 0.0002

ALA 152 SER 153 -0.0002

SER 153 LEU 154 -0.0218

LEU 154 ILE 155 0.0001

ILE 155 ALA 156 0.0001

ALA 156 PHE 157 -0.0033

PHE 157 PRO 158 -0.0003

PRO 158 GLY 159 0.0001

GLY 159 GLU 160 -0.0338

GLU 160 LYS 161 0.0001

LYS 161 VAL 162 0.0002

VAL 162 MET 163 -0.0011

MET 163 GLU 164 -0.0000

GLU 164 ASP 165 0.0001

ASP 165 ALA 166 -0.0193

ALA 166 GLU 167 -0.0001

GLU 167 ILE 168 0.0002

ILE 168 PHE 169 -0.0242

PHE 169 SER 170 -0.0000

SER 170 SER 171 0.0003

SER 171 ARG 172 -0.0197

ARG 172 TYR 173 0.0001

TYR 173 LEU 174 0.0002

LEU 174 LYS 175 0.0057

LYS 175 GLU 176 -0.0004

GLU 176 ALA 177 0.0001

ALA 177 VAL 178 0.0060

VAL 178 GLN 179 0.0000

GLN 179 LYS 180 0.0001

LYS 180 ILE 181 0.0284

ILE 181 PRO 182 -0.0002

PRO 182 ASP 183 0.0000

ASP 183 CYS 184 0.0151

CYS 184 SER 185 -0.0001

SER 185 LEU 186 -0.0003

LEU 186 SER 187 -0.0246

SER 187 GLN 188 0.0001

GLN 188 GLU 189 0.0000

GLU 189 ILE 190 0.0143

ILE 190 ALA 191 -0.0002

ALA 191 TYR 192 -0.0001

TYR 192 ALA 193 0.0289

ALA 193 LEU 194 -0.0003

LEU 194 GLU 195 -0.0002

GLU 195 TYR 196 -0.0018

TYR 196 GLY 197 -0.0000

GLY 197 TRP 198 0.0000

TRP 198 HIS 199 -0.0538

HIS 199 THR 200 -0.0004

THR 200 ASN 201 0.0000

ASN 201 MET 202 -0.0218

MET 202 PRO 203 0.0001

PRO 203 ARG 204 0.0001

ARG 204 LEU 205 0.0283

LEU 205 GLU 206 0.0001

GLU 206 ALA 207 0.0004

ALA 207 ARG 208 0.0139

ARG 208 ASN 209 0.0002

ASN 209 TYR 210 0.0001

TYR 210 MET 211 -0.0330

MET 211 ASP 212 -0.0002

ASP 212 VAL 213 -0.0003

VAL 213 PHE 214 -0.0495

PHE 214 GLY 215 -0.0003

GLY 215 HIS 216 0.0002

HIS 216 PRO 217 -0.0213

PRO 217 SER 218 0.0003

SER 218 SER 219 0.0003

SER 219 PRO 220 -0.0168

PRO 220 TRP 221 -0.0002

TRP 221 LEU 222 -0.0002

LEU 222 LYS 223 0.0045

LYS 223 LYS 224 0.0005

LYS 224 ASN 225 -0.0000

ASN 225 LYS 226 -0.0495

LYS 226 THR 227 0.0004

THR 227 GLN 228 -0.0000

GLN 228 TYR 229 0.0246

TYR 229 MET 230 -0.0002

MET 230 ASP 231 -0.0002

ASP 231 GLY 232 -0.0284

GLY 232 GLU 233 -0.0003

GLU 233 LYS 234 -0.0000

LYS 234 LEU 235 -0.0011

LEU 235 LEU 236 0.0003

LEU 236 GLU 237 -0.0003

GLU 237 LEU 238 0.0241

LEU 238 ALA 239 -0.0004

ALA 239 LYS 240 -0.0001

LYS 240 LEU 241 0.0335

LEU 241 GLU 242 -0.0001

GLU 242 PHE 243 0.0001

PHE 243 ASN 244 -0.0030

ASN 244 ILE 245 0.0000

ILE 245 PHE 246 -0.0000

PHE 246 HIS 247 -0.0095

HIS 247 SER 248 0.0001

SER 248 LEU 249 -0.0003

LEU 249 GLN 250 0.0139

GLN 250 GLN 251 -0.0003

GLN 251 GLU 252 0.0001

GLU 252 GLU 253 0.0065

GLU 253 LEU 254 -0.0004

LEU 254 GLN 255 0.0001

GLN 255 TYR 256 -0.0114

TYR 256 ILE 257 0.0002

ILE 257 SER 258 0.0001

SER 258 ARG 259 -0.0157

ARG 259 TRP 260 -0.0002

TRP 260 TRP 261 -0.0002

TRP 261 LYS 262 -0.0034

LYS 262 ASP 263 0.0000

ASP 263 SER 264 -0.0001

SER 264 GLY 265 0.0177

GLY 265 LEU 266 -0.0004

LEU 266 PRO 267 -0.0001

PRO 267 LYS 268 0.0030

LYS 268 LEU 269 0.0001

LEU 269 ALA 270 0.0003

ALA 270 PHE 271 0.0223

PHE 271 SER 272 -0.0004

SER 272 ARG 273 0.0001

ARG 273 HIS 274 0.0135

HIS 274 ARG 275 -0.0002

ARG 275 HIS 276 0.0002

HIS 276 VAL 277 -0.0178

VAL 277 GLU 278 -0.0001

GLU 278 TYR 279 0.0002

TYR 279 TYR 280 0.0158

TYR 280 THR 281 -0.0003

THR 281 LEU 282 0.0001

LEU 282 GLY 283 0.0075

GLY 283 SER 284 -0.0002

SER 284 CYS 285 0.0004

CYS 285 ILE 286 0.0031

ILE 286 ALA 287 -0.0004

ALA 287 THR 288 -0.0002

THR 288 ASP 289 -0.0541

ASP 289 PRO 290 -0.0001

PRO 290 LYS 291 0.0000

LYS 291 HIS 292 0.0010

HIS 292 ARG 293 -0.0001

ARG 293 ALA 294 0.0001

ALA 294 PHE 295 -0.0212

PHE 295 ARG 296 -0.0001

ARG 296 LEU 297 -0.0004

LEU 297 GLY 298 0.0289

GLY 298 PHE 299 -0.0000

PHE 299 VAL 300 -0.0001

VAL 300 LYS 301 -0.0041

LYS 301 THR 302 0.0001

THR 302 CYS 303 0.0002

CYS 303 HIS 304 -0.0050

HIS 304 LEU 305 -0.0004

LEU 305 ASN 306 0.0005

ASN 306 THR 307 0.0105

THR 307 VAL 308 0.0000

VAL 308 LEU 309 -0.0001

LEU 309 ASP 310 0.0091

ASP 310 ASP 311 -0.0003

ASP 311 ILE 312 0.0003

ILE 312 TYR 313 0.0110

TYR 313 ASP 314 -0.0001

ASP 314 THR 315 0.0000

THR 315 PHE 316 0.0089

PHE 316 GLY 317 0.0001

GLY 317 THR 318 0.0000

THR 318 MET 319 -0.0041

MET 319 ASP 320 -0.0001

ASP 320 GLU 321 -0.0002

GLU 321 ILE 322 0.0005

ILE 322 GLU 323 0.0001

GLU 323 LEU 324 -0.0000

LEU 324 PHE 325 0.0067

PHE 325 THR 326 -0.0004

THR 326 GLU 327 0.0003

GLU 327 ALA 328 0.0102

ALA 328 VAL 329 0.0003

VAL 329 ARG 330 -0.0002

ARG 330 ARG 331 -0.0167

ARG 331 TRP 332 -0.0002

TRP 332 ASP 333 -0.0002

ASP 333 PRO 334 -0.0057

PRO 334 SER 335 0.0002

SER 335 GLU 336 0.0000

GLU 336 THR 337 -0.0046

THR 337 GLU 338 0.0003

GLU 338 SER 339 -0.0003

SER 339 LEU 340 -0.0061

LEU 340 PRO 341 0.0001

PRO 341 ASP 342 -0.0000

ASP 342 TYR 343 -0.0026

TYR 343 MET 344 0.0001

MET 344 LYS 345 0.0001

LYS 345 GLY 346 0.0110

GLY 346 VAL 347 0.0002

VAL 347 TYR 348 0.0004

TYR 348 MET 349 0.0013

MET 349 VAL 350 0.0002

VAL 350 LEU 351 -0.0001

LEU 351 TYR 352 -0.0196

TYR 352 GLU 353 0.0001

GLU 353 ALA 354 0.0003

ALA 354 LEU 355 -0.0167

LEU 355 THR 356 -0.0001

THR 356 GLU 357 0.0000

GLU 357 MET 358 0.0035

MET 358 ALA 359 0.0001

ALA 359 GLN 360 -0.0001

GLN 360 GLU 361 0.0386

GLU 361 ALA 362 0.0002

ALA 362 GLU 363 0.0002

GLU 363 LYS 364 0.0107

LYS 364 THR 365 0.0002

THR 365 GLN 366 0.0000

GLN 366 GLY 367 0.0203

GLY 367 ARG 368 0.0001

ARG 368 ASP 369 -0.0002

ASP 369 THR 370 -0.0030

THR 370 LEU 371 0.0002

LEU 371 ASN 372 -0.0000

ASN 372 TYR 373 -0.0148

TYR 373 ALA 374 -0.0002

ALA 374 ARG 375 0.0002

ARG 375 LYS 376 -0.0137

LYS 376 ALA 377 -0.0002

ALA 377 TRP 378 -0.0003

TRP 378 GLU 379 0.0157

GLU 379 ILE 380 -0.0003

ILE 380 TYR 381 -0.0003

TYR 381 LEU 382 0.0088

LEU 382 ASP 383 -0.0001

ASP 383 SER 384 0.0005

SER 384 TYR 385 0.0112

TYR 385 ILE 386 0.0002

ILE 386 GLN 387 0.0003

GLN 387 GLU 388 -0.0052

GLU 388 ALA 389 0.0001

ALA 389 LYS 390 -0.0002

LYS 390 TRP 391 0.0012

TRP 391 ILE 392 0.0001

ILE 392 ALA 393 -0.0001

ALA 393 SER 394 0.0022

SER 394 GLY 395 -0.0001

GLY 395 TYR 396 -0.0003

TYR 396 LEU 397 0.0028

LEU 397 PRO 398 -0.0001

PRO 398 THR 399 -0.0002

THR 399 PHE 400 -0.0115

PHE 400 GLN 401 0.0006

GLN 401 GLU 402 -0.0001

GLU 402 TYR 403 -0.0189

TYR 403 PHE 404 -0.0005

PHE 404 GLU 405 -0.0001

GLU 405 ASN 406 -0.0187

ASN 406 GLY 407 0.0002

GLY 407 LYS 408 0.0002

LYS 408 ILE 409 -0.0182

ILE 409 SER 410 -0.0001

SER 410 SER 411 -0.0001

SER 411 ALA 412 0.0245

ALA 412 TYR 413 -0.0003

TYR 413 ARG 414 0.0000

ARG 414 ALA 415 -0.0120

ALA 415 ALA 416 -0.0004

ALA 416 ALA 417 0.0002

ALA 417 LEU 418 -0.0162

LEU 418 THR 419 -0.0001

THR 419 PRO 420 -0.0000

PRO 420 ILE 421 -0.0002

ILE 421 LEU 422 0.0000

LEU 422 THR 423 0.0000

THR 423 LEU 424 0.0404

LEU 424 ASP 425 -0.0001

ASP 425 VAL 426 -0.0002

VAL 426 PRO 427 0.0149

PRO 427 LEU 428 -0.0001

LEU 428 PRO 429 0.0001

PRO 429 GLU 430 -0.0152

GLU 430 TYR 431 -0.0000

TYR 431 ILE 432 -0.0004

ILE 432 LEU 433 0.0157

LEU 433 LYS 434 -0.0001

LYS 434 GLY 435 0.0001

GLY 435 ILE 436 0.0043

ILE 436 ASP 437 -0.0004

ASP 437 PHE 438 0.0001

PHE 438 PRO 439 -0.0264

PRO 439 SER 440 0.0002

SER 440 ARG 441 -0.0002

ARG 441 PHE 442 0.0048

PHE 442 ASN 443 0.0000

ASN 443 ASP 444 0.0001

ASP 444 LEU 445 -0.0413

LEU 445 ALA 446 0.0001

ALA 446 SER 447 0.0003

SER 447 SER 448 -0.0037

SER 448 PHE 449 0.0001

PHE 449 LEU 450 0.0003

LEU 450 ARG 451 -0.0048

ARG 451 LEU 452 0.0002

LEU 452 ARG 453 -0.0003

ARG 453 GLY 454 0.0143

GLY 454 ASP 455 -0.0001

ASP 455 THR 456 -0.0002

THR 456 ARG 457 -0.0030

ARG 457 CYS 458 -0.0000

CYS 458 TYR 459 -0.0001

TYR 459 LYS 460 0.0068

LYS 460 ALA 461 -0.0003

ALA 461 ASP 462 0.0000

ASP 462 ARG 463 -0.0183

ARG 463 ALA 464 -0.0003

ALA 464 ARG 465 -0.0001

ARG 465 GLY 466 -0.0085

GLY 466 GLU 467 -0.0002

GLU 467 GLU 468 0.0000

GLU 468 ALA 469 0.0037

ALA 469 SER 470 -0.0002

SER 470 CYS 471 -0.0001

CYS 471 ILE 472 0.0179

ILE 472 SER 473 -0.0000

SER 473 CYS 474 0.0003

CYS 474 TYR 475 0.0106

TYR 475 MET 476 -0.0002

MET 476 LYS 477 -0.0001

LYS 477 ASP 478 -0.0026

ASP 478 ASN 479 -0.0000

ASN 479 PRO 480 -0.0001

PRO 480 GLY 481 0.0108

GLY 481 SER 482 -0.0003

SER 482 THR 483 0.0002

THR 483 GLU 484 -0.0080

GLU 484 GLU 485 0.0002

GLU 485 ASP 486 -0.0003

ASP 486 ALA 487 0.0010

ALA 487 LEU 488 0.0002

LEU 488 ASN 489 -0.0000

ASN 489 HIS 490 0.0184

HIS 490 ILE 491 -0.0000

ILE 491 ASN 492 -0.0001

ASN 492 SER 493 0.0174

SER 493 MET 494 0.0000

MET 494 ILE 495 -0.0001

ILE 495 ASN 496 -0.0266

ASN 496 GLU 497 0.0002

GLU 497 ILE 498 0.0001

ILE 498 ILE 499 -0.0148

ILE 499 LYS 500 0.0002

LYS 500 GLU 501 0.0000

GLU 501 LEU 502 -0.0165

LEU 502 ASN 503 -0.0001

ASN 503 TRP 504 0.0001

TRP 504 GLU 505 -0.0409

GLU 505 LEU 506 -0.0004

LEU 506 LEU 507 0.0003

LEU 507 ARG 508 -0.0383

ARG 508 PRO 509 -0.0000

PRO 509 ASP 510 -0.0000

ASP 510 SER 511 0.0409

SER 511 ASN 512 -0.0002

ASN 512 ILE 513 0.0001

ILE 513 PRO 514 -0.0045

PRO 514 MET 515 -0.0002

MET 515 PRO 516 -0.0003

PRO 516 ALA 517 0.0416

ALA 517 ARG 518 0.0003

ARG 518 LYS 519 -0.0001

LYS 519 HIS 520 -0.0004

HIS 520 ALA 521 -0.0005

ALA 521 PHE 522 0.0002

PHE 522 ASP 523 0.0042

ASP 523 ILE 524 -0.0001

ILE 524 THR 525 0.0002

THR 525 ARG 526 -0.0060

ARG 526 ALA 527 0.0004

ALA 527 LEU 528 -0.0004

LEU 528 HIS 529 -0.0268

HIS 529 HIS 530 -0.0000

HIS 530 LEU 531 0.0002

LEU 531 TYR 532 -0.0177

TYR 532 LYS 533 0.0000

LYS 533 TYR 534 -0.0002

TYR 534 ARG 535 -0.1211

ARG 535 ASP 536 0.0002

ASP 536 GLY 537 0.0001

GLY 537 PHE 538 -0.0462

PHE 538 SER 539 0.0003

SER 539 VAL 540 0.0002

VAL 540 ALA 541 -0.0122

ALA 541 THR 542 0.0003

THR 542 LYS 543 0.0004

LYS 543 GLU 544 -0.0092

GLU 544 THR 545 -0.0002

THR 545 LYS 546 -0.0001

LYS 546 SER 547 -0.0435

SER 547 LEU 548 0.0005

LEU 548 VAL 549 0.0003

VAL 549 SER 550 -0.0147

SER 550 ARG 551 -0.0001

ARG 551 MET 552 0.0003

MET 552 VAL 553 0.0089

VAL 553 LEU 554 -0.0000

LEU 554 GLU 555 -0.0001

GLU 555 PRO 556 -0.0760

PRO 556 VAL 557 -0.0005

VAL 557 THR 558 0.0003

THR 558 LEU 559 -0.0418

If you find results from this site helpful for your research, please cite one of our papers:

K. Suhre & Y.H. Sanejouand, ElNemo: a normal mode web-server for protein movement analysis and the generation of templates for molecular replacement. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, W610-W614, 2004.
K. Suhre & Y.H. Sanejouand, On the potential of normal mode analysis for solving difficult molecular replacement problems. Acta Cryst. D vol.60, p796-799, 2004 © International Union of Crystallography.

elNémo is maintained by Yves-Henri Sanejouand.
It was developed by Karsten Suhre.
Between 2003 and 2014, it was hosted by IGS (Marseille).
Last modification: October 18th, 2018.

Should you encounter any unexpected behaviour, please let us know.

*** Q20HUZ_NMA ***

CA strain for 220512003338119574

--- normal mode 7 ---

Should you encounter any unexpected behaviour,
please let us know.

* Q20HUZ_NMA *